3D Mammogram Test
Overview
A 3D mammogram, also called digital breast tomosynthesis, is an advanced imaging tool that creates layered pictures of breast tissue. Unlike traditional 2D mammograms, which produce flat images, this scan captures multiple angles and assembles them into a clearer, more detailed view.
This helps doctors detect breast cancer earlier and more accurately—especially in people with dense breast tissue. By offering sharper imaging and reducing overlapping shadows, 3D mammograms can lower the need for repeat tests and improve overall screening results.
Reasons for Using 3D Mammograms
Doctors often use 3D mammograms to limit the need for extra tests after a breast screening. When a standard mammogram shows a possible problem, more imaging may be needed to check the area further.
These extra tests can be stressful and take more time and money. With 3D technology, doctors can see breast tissue more clearly and in layers, which helps them figure out if what they see is harmless or needs more attention. This reduces the chances of being called back for another screening.
Benefits of Using 3D Mammograms:
- Reduced number of extra appointments.
- Less worry and discomfort.
- Saves time and costs.
| Imaging Type | Clarity | Need for More Tests |
|---|---|---|
| 2D Mammogram | Lower | Often Higher |
| 3D Mammogram | Higher | Often Lower |
Better Cancer Detection in Thick Breast Tissue
Some people have dense breasts, meaning they have more supportive tissue, milk glands, and ducts compared to fatty tissue. Dense breast tissue appears white on an imaging screen, the same as possible tumors. This makes it hard to spot breast cancer using regular screening mammograms.
A 3D mammogram scans the breast tissue in thin slices, giving a clearer view and helping doctors see through layers of overlapping tissue. This approach makes it easier to find small cancers that could be hidden in dense areas. For those with dense breast tissue or a higher risk of breast cancer, this feature can be very helpful.
It improves the chances of finding breast cancer early—even in cases where it might be missed by regular 2D images. 3D mammograms add extra detail and help doctors with early and more accurate detection, especially for people with dense breasts or concerns about breast cancer risk.
Possible Side Effects and Issues
A 3D mammogram uses an X-ray arm to take images of breast tissue. This exposes the person to a small amount of radiation, called the radiation dose. The amount of radiation from this test is low, but it is higher than what you would get from a regular activity or background exposure.
| Factor | Details |
|---|---|
| Type of test | 3D mammogram (X-ray imaging) |
| Possible exposure | Low dose of radiation |
| Risk of false positives | Sometimes finds things that are not cancer |
| Missed cancers | Some very small or hidden cancers might not be detected |
Most people tolerate the low radiation exposure from a 3D mammogram well, but you should avoid unnecessary repeated tests. Sometimes, this imaging test finds spots that look like cancer but are not. This can lead to more testing, causing stress or worry. In rare situations, the test might miss a cancer if it is very tiny or in a part of the breast that is hard to see.
Steps to Get Ready
Many people schedule their mammogram when their breasts are less sensitive, which is often the week after their period for those who have not reached menopause. Wearing a two-piece outfit can be helpful, as the top must be removed during the test. You should not use deodorant, lotion, or powder under the arms or on the breasts before the scan.
Small metallic particles found in these products can affect the quality of the image. Bringing past mammogram images, especially if visiting a new facility, makes it easier to compare results over time. If you have a family history of breast cancer, mention it, as it can influence whether extra tests like ultrasound or breast MRI are needed alongside the mammogram.
What You Can Expect
During a mammogram, the staff asks you to change into a gown and remove any jewelry from your neck and upper body. Choosing a top with separate pants or a skirt can make this process simpler. The technician will then guide you to stand in front of a specialized X-ray machine capable of 3D imaging.
The technician gently places one of your breasts onto a platform, which they adjust to the correct height. The technician carefully positions you to get the best possible view, guiding your head, arms, and body as needed. A clear plastic plate then slowly presses your breast against the platform.
This step helps flatten and spread out the breast tissue. Although this compression only lasts a few seconds, it can feel uncomfortable or even slightly painful for some. Communicate any discomfort to the technician.
- The X-ray machine moves over your breast to capture several images.
- You may need to hold your breath and stay still for a few seconds while each image is taken.
- The process repeats to capture side views and then occurs again for the other breast.
A radiologist later reviews the images for signs of any issues. This procedure is a routine part of a thorough breast exam and usually takes only a short time to complete. Most patients can return to normal activities right after the test.
Results
After the 3D mammogram, results are usually available soon. A radiologist, trained to read breast imaging tests, checks the images for any signs of cancer or other concerns. The 3D mammogram produces both a layered 3D image and standard 2D pictures for detailed review.
The doctor looks for areas such as masses, calcifications, or other unusual findings. Sometimes these appear as spots or shapes that need closer review. If the images show something suspicious, the radiologist may compare them to past mammograms to see if anything has changed.
In some cases, a false positive can occur, where the test finds something that is not actually cancer. When this happens, your doctor may order more tests like an ultrasound, MRI, or a biopsy. If needed, they may order a diagnostic mammogram to take more detailed pictures of the area in question.
| Finding | Description |
|---|---|
| Masses | Lumps or irregular spots seen on the images. |
| Calcifications | Small deposits of calcium, sometimes linked to cancer. |
| False Positives | Findings that seem concerning but are not cancer. |
