Symptoms and Causes

Overview Galactorrhea refers to milky discharge from the nipples that occurs outside the context of breastfeeding. This condition primarily affects individuals assigned female at birth, although…

What You Need to Know About Spinal Headaches Spinal headaches often happen after medical procedures like spinal taps or spinal anesthesia. These procedures involve making a…

Understanding Heart Defects Present at Birth Congenital heart defects are structural problems with the heart that babies are born with. These issues affect roughly eight out…

Overview Median arcuate ligament syndrome (MALS) occurs when a band of tissue in the upper abdomen compresses the celiac artery. This artery supplies blood to the…

What is Lupus Nephritis? Lupus nephritis develops when systemic lupus erythematosus affects the kidneys. It happens when the immune system mistakenly attacks its own tissues, including…

Overview Factitious disorder is a mental health condition where people fake or cause their own illness to gain medical attention. This condition, once known as Munchausen…

What Is Aortic Valve Regurgitation? Aortic valve regurgitation happens when the valve between the heart’s left ventricle and the aorta fails to close properly. This allows…

Overview Multiple system atrophy (MSA) is a rare neurological disorder that affects movement, balance, and bodily functions. The condition is progressive, meaning it worsens over time,…

Overview Posterior vaginal prolapse, also known as rectocele, is a condition in which the supportive wall between the rectum and the vagina becomes weakened. As a…

What Is an Undescended Testicle? An undescended testicle, also called cryptorchidism, occurs when a testicle fails to move down into the scrotum before birth. This condition…