First Aid for Dislocation
A dislocation happens when a force pushes the bones in a joint out of their normal positions. This injury is often caused by trauma, such as falls, car accidents, or sports-related impacts. The shoulder is the most commonly dislocated joint in adults, while children are more likely to dislocate the elbow. Fingers and thumbs are also frequently affected, especially when bent sharply or forcefully.
When a joint becomes dislocated, it can do more than just shift the bones. It may also damage surrounding tissues, including ligaments, tendons, blood vessels, and nerves. If not treated correctly and quickly, dislocations can lead to long-term joint problems, weakness, or instability. Though the shoulder is the most commonly dislocated joint, other joints like the hip, knee, jaw, and fingers can also be affected.
Joints Commonly Affected
| Joint | Frequency | Notes |
|---|---|---|
| Shoulder | High | Most often affected in adults |
| Elbow | Medium | More common in young children |
| Finger/Thumb | Medium | Can occur when bent or forced sharply |
| Knee/Hip | Low | Often involves high-force trauma; serious |
Main Causes: Falls, direct impacts, car crashes, sports injuries, or twisting motions during physical activities.
Signs and Effects of a Dislocated Joint
Recognizing a dislocation is key to providing the right care. Some signs appear immediately, while others may take time to develop. Common symptoms include:
- Sudden, intense pain at the joint.
- Swelling, which may develop quickly.
- A visibly deformed or out-of-place joint.
- Bruising or skin discoloration around the area.
- Inability to move or use the affected limb.
- A popping sound or sensation at the time of injury.
- Numbness or tingling, indicating possible nerve involvement.
Sometimes, you may see a lump or feel that the joint looks misaligned. The surrounding muscles may feel weak or stiff. In severe cases, blood vessels or nerves can be pinched or damaged, causing poor circulation or loss of sensation.
First Steps to Handle a Dislocated Joint
If you suspect someone has dislocated a joint, act quickly and calmly. Proper first aid can prevent further damage and improve the chances of full recovery.
1. Seek Immediate Medical Attention
Dislocations require professional evaluation and treatment. Do not delay getting help, especially if the injury involves a major joint, is extremely painful, or the person cannot move the limb.
2. Keep the Joint Still
Avoid moving the joint. Trying to push it back into place without training can worsen the injury. Immobilize the joint using a soft splint, sling, or rolled towel. Support the limb in a comfortable position and limit motion as much as possible.
3. Apply Ice Packs
Use a cold compress or ice pack wrapped in a towel to reduce swelling and numb pain. Apply for 15–20 minutes every hour. Do not place ice directly on the skin, as this can cause frostbite.
4. Avoid Food or Drink
If surgery or sedation becomes necessary, having an empty stomach helps reduce complications. Wait for medical evaluation before allowing food or liquids.
5. Watch for Signs of Shock
Some people may feel lightheaded, dizzy, or pale after a dislocation. Lay them down, elevate the legs if possible, and keep them warm with a blanket. Seek urgent care.
What Not to Do
- Do not try to realign or “pop” the joint back in. This can tear ligaments, damage nerves, or break bones.
- Do not force the limb to move. Even small movements can increase tissue damage.
- Do not apply heat. Heat can worsen swelling in the first 48 hours.
What to Expect in Medical Treatment
At the hospital, healthcare providers may perform imaging tests like X-rays to assess the joint. Treatment typically includes:
- Realignment (reduction) of the joint under anesthesia
- Pain relievers or anti-inflammatory medication
- Immobilization with a sling, brace, or splint
- Physical therapy to restore strength and motion
- Surgery in cases with repeated dislocations or torn ligaments
Most dislocations heal in several weeks, but full recovery may take longer depending on the severity and joint involved.
Preventing Future Dislocations
After recovery, strengthening exercises and safety measures can reduce the risk of future dislocations:
- Follow your doctor’s or physical therapist’s guidance on joint safety
- Warm up before sports or physical activity
- Wear protective gear when needed
- Strengthen muscles around commonly affected joints
