First Aid for Fever – Healthnile.com

A fever occurs when your body temperature rises above its normal range, often as a natural response to an infection. The hypothalamus in the brain resets your temperature to help fight off germs. A fever is typically defined as a temperature of 100.4°F (38°C) or higher when measured with a digital thermometer.

While most fevers are not dangerous and go away on their own, some require closer monitoring—especially in infants, people with chronic conditions, or when accompanied by concerning symptoms.

What Is Considered a Fever?

The average body temperature is 98.6°F (37°C), but it can range from 97°F (36.1°C) to 99°F (37.2°C). Factors like age, activity, time of day, and method of measurement can affect readings. Fever thresholds vary depending on how you take the temperature:

Method	Fever Threshold
Rectal, Ear, Forehead	100.4°F (38°C) or higher
Oral	100.4°F (38°C) or higher
Armpit (Axillary)	99°F (37.2°C) or higher

Common Symptoms of Fever

A fever may come with other symptoms depending on its cause. Watch for:

Chills or shivering
Headache or body aches
Sweating or flushing
Fatigue or weakness
Nausea, vomiting, or diarrhea
Signs of dehydration (dry mouth, dark urine, dizziness)
In children: fussiness, sleepiness, or seizures (febrile seizures)

How to Take a Temperature

Always use a digital thermometer. Avoid glass mercury thermometers due to safety concerns.

Tips for Accuracy

Clean the thermometer with rubbing alcohol or soap and water before and after use.
Label thermometers for specific uses (e.g., oral vs. rectal).
Do not leave children unattended during temperature checks.

How to Take a Temperature

Rectal (infants): Lubricate the tip and insert gently ½ to 1 inch while the baby lies on their side or stomach. Hold in place until it beeps.
Oral: Place under the tongue with lips closed until it beeps.
Forehead (temporal): Gently swipe across the forehead following device instructions.
Armpit: Place on dry, bare skin and hold the arm close to the body.
Ear (tympanic): Insert gently into the ear canal without forcing.

What You Can Do at Home

For mild fevers, home care usually helps ease discomfort:

Rest: Allow your body time to recover.
Stay Hydrated: Drink water, electrolyte fluids, or clear juices.
Dress Lightly: Avoid bundling up. Wear comfortable, breathable clothes.
Cool the Body: Use a lukewarm bath or a cool, damp washcloth on the forehead. Avoid cold baths or alcohol rubs, which can increase shivering.
Use Fever-Reducing Medicine: Acetaminophen (paracetamol) or ibuprofen can help lower temperature and relieve symptoms. Follow dosage instructions carefully.

Signs a Fever Could Be Serious

Fever alone isn’t usually dangerous, but it can signal a serious illness when paired with other symptoms. Call your healthcare provider if you notice:

Fever lasting more than 5 days
Seizures (especially in children)
Extreme drowsiness, confusion, or difficulty waking
Trouble breathing or fast, shallow breathing
Severe headache or stiff neck
Rash or purple spots on the skin
Persistent vomiting or diarrhea
Signs of dehydration (dry mouth, dark urine, no tears, sunken eyes)

In babies under 3 months old, any fever over 100.4°F (38°C) should be evaluated by a doctor immediately.

When to Seek Medical Attention

Contact a doctor or visit the emergency room if:

A child under 3 months has a fever.
Fever comes with seizures, confusion, or trouble breathing.
The person cannot drink or keep fluids down.
Symptoms include joint swelling, pain when urinating, or chest pain.
There are signs of heat-related illness (especially after time spent in hot weather).
The person has a weakened immune system, cancer, or chronic illness.

When to Call the Doctor

For Children

Ongoing fussiness or unusual behavior after fever medication
No wet diapers for 8–10 hours
Rash, headache, or stiff neck
Stomach pain or joint swelling

For Adults

Chest pain, difficulty breathing, or confusion
Severe headache, stiff neck, or rash
Dark urine or inability to drink fluids
High fever that does not respond to medication

Prevention Tips

Fever can’t always be avoided, but you can lower your risk by:

Avoiding close contact with people who are ill.
Washing hands frequently to avoid infections.
Staying up to date with vaccinations.
Staying cool and hydrated in hot weather.
Treating infections early before they worsen.