Can Fibroids Cause Constipation?

Fibroids are noncancerous growths that form in or around the uterus, and they can affect more than just the reproductive system. Depending on their size and location, they sometimes press against the bowel and interfere with normal digestion. Yes, fibroids can cause constipation when they put pressure on the colon or rectum.

This connection often surprises people who only associate fibroids with heavy periods or pelvic pain. Digestive changes like bloating, discomfort, or slower bowel movements can also appear, making it important to understand how these growths influence more than one part of the body.

Definition of Symptom

Constipation means having infrequent, difficult, or incomplete bowel movements. People usually experience fewer than three bowel movements per week, which can lead to straining or discomfort.

Fibroids can cause constipation when they press against the rectum or colon. This pressure slows down stool movement and makes passing it more difficult. Other digestive symptoms can appear with constipation, such as:

Bloating or a feeling of fullness
Abdominal pain or cramping
Pelvic pain from pressure in the lower abdomen

Symptom	Possible Cause with Fibroids
Constipation	Fibroid pressing on rectum or colon
Abdominal bloating	Slower movement of stool and trapped gas
Pelvic pain	Increased pressure in pelvic region

Sometimes, constipation linked to fibroids also causes heaviness in the lower abdomen, which can make daily activities less comfortable and may affect appetite or energy.

Constipation is not unique to fibroids and can result from diet, dehydration, or medications. However, when combined with bloating, abdominal pain, or pelvic pressure, fibroids may be a possible underlying factor.

Possible Causes/Diseases Condition

Uterine fibroids form in or around the uterus. Their size and position often determine whether they affect digestion. When fibroids grow near the back of the uterus, they may press against the rectum or colon and cause constipation.

Large fibroids can also press on the intestines, slowing the normal movement of stool. This pressure may cause bloating, cramping, or a feeling of fullness in the lower abdomen.

Some women take iron supplements to manage heavy menstrual bleeding caused by fibroids. Iron often causes constipation, making the problem worse. Other possible conditions linked to constipation in women with fibroids include:

Pelvic pain or swelling that reduces bowel comfort
Hormonal changes that affect digestion
Reduced physical activity due to discomfort from fibroid symptoms

The table below shows how fibroids may contribute to constipation:

Factor	How It May Cause Constipation
Size of Fibroid	Larger fibroids press on intestines and rectum
Location	Fibroids at the back of uterus affect colon movement
Heavy Bleeding	Leads to iron use, which slows bowel function
Abdominal Pressure	Disrupts stool passage and causes discomfort

Fibroids do not cause constipation in every case, but their growth and placement can play a direct role in digestive changes.

Other Non-Disease Causes

Constipation is not always linked to fibroids or other medical conditions. Everyday habits and lifestyle factors often slow digestion and make bowel movements less regular.

Low fiber intake is a common cause. Fiber helps stool move through the intestines, and without enough of it, constipation becomes more likely. Eating more fruits, vegetables, and whole grains often helps.
Dehydration is another factor. When the body lacks water, the colon absorbs more fluid from stool, making it harder and more difficult to pass. Drinking enough fluids each day supports normal bowel movements.
Certain medications also slow digestion. Pain relievers, iron supplements, and some antidepressants may lead to constipation. In some cases, iron taken to manage anemia from heavy periods or fibroids can add to digestive problems.
Lack of physical activity can contribute as well. Movement stimulates the intestines, so long periods of sitting or lying down may reduce bowel activity.

Other lifestyle factors include:

Stress affecting digestion
Changes in daily routine such as travel
Ignoring the urge to go, which can make stool harder over time

These non-disease causes may also overlap with other symptoms. For example, dehydration or excess caffeine can lead to both constipation and more frequent urination.

How It Causes the Symptom

Fibroids can press against nearby parts of the digestive system. When they grow toward the back of the uterus, they may push on the colon or rectum, which slows down stool movement and leads to constipation.

The effect often depends on fibroid size and location. Large fibroids or those deep in the uterine walls are more likely to create pressure on the bowel and interfere with normal bowel movements.

Other symptoms like bloating or abdominal heaviness can add to the discomfort. Constipation may also worsen if a person takes iron supplements for anemia caused by heavy bleeding.

Ways Fibroids Can Trigger Constipation

Pressure on the rectum or colon
Reduced space for stool passage
Increased abdominal pressure from large fibroids
Side effects of treatments for related symptoms

Possible Complications

When fibroids cause constipation, other issues may also develop. Straining during bowel movements can increase pressure in the rectal area, sometimes leading to hemorrhoids. These swollen veins can cause pain, itching, or bleeding.

Fibroids may also contribute to heavy menstrual bleeding. Women who lose a lot of blood may take iron supplements, and iron can make constipation worse. This creates a cycle where both the fibroids and the treatment for anemia add to bowel problems.

Some women report pain during sexual intercourse when fibroids press against nearby organs. This pressure can also make pelvic discomfort worse, especially if constipation is already present. The table below highlights possible complications:

Complication	How It Relates to Fibroids
Hemorrhoids	Straining from constipation increases risk
Heavy menstrual bleeding	May lead to iron use, which worsens constipation
Pain during intercourse	Fibroid pressure on pelvic organs can cause discomfort

These complications vary depending on the size and location of the fibroids. Larger growths near the rectum or colon are more likely to create digestive issues, while those pressing on the uterus or pelvic wall may affect sexual health.

When to Seek Medical Attention

Constipation linked to fibroids is not always serious, but certain signs mean it is time to see a doctor. If bowel changes last more than a few weeks, see a doctor. Seek help right away if you notice:

Severe or persistent constipation
Abdominal or pelvic pain that does not improve
Blood in the stool
Unexplained weight loss
Sudden worsening of bowel habits

Fibroids can press on the rectum or colon and sometimes block normal movement of stool. In rare cases, this may cause more serious digestive issues that need urgent care. Women who also have heavy bleeding, anemia, or pelvic pressure should see a fibroid specialist.

The specialist can check if fibroids are the cause and discuss treatment options. Doctors may order imaging tests, such as ultrasound or MRI, to check the size and location of fibroids. These tests show if the growths are affecting the intestines.

If changes in diet or fiber supplements do not help with constipation, see a healthcare provider. Early evaluation can prevent complications and improve quality of life. Key reasons to contact a doctor:

Symptom	Why it matters
Persistent constipation	May indicate fibroid pressure on bowel
Severe pelvic pain	Could signal large or multiple fibroids
Rectal bleeding	Needs prompt evaluation
Bowel blockage signs	Medical emergency